Deciphering the Financial Aid Award Letter

The amount of correspondence your student gets from colleges can be staggering. Before they’re even accepted you’ll be getting mountains of brochures, pamphlets, and other marketing materials. Then, once they do get in, even more information gets sent your way: housing forms, deposit slips, acceptance letters, campus information, and more.

There is one piece of mail you’ll be getting that should be studied carefully, since it will have a pretty big impact on your wallet. That is the financial aid award letter [Be aware that some colleges are moving towards electronic award letters. This means that rather than getting an envelope in the mail, you get login instructions in an email for the college’s website. Keep in mind that lots of email is sent to your student, so keep an eye on their account as well.]

Your award letter may look simple enough, but packed into that piece of paper is information on how much money your student is getting from the college, as well as how much your family will be expected to pay. No, it isn’t the same thing as a college bill, but it does serve the same purpose: letting you know how much college is going to cost.

Award letters will typically contain one or more of the following components: Scholarships, Grants, Work-Study, and Student Loans. How much your student receives depends on many things (Merit, your EFC, Demonstrated Need, Cost of Attendance to name a few) but the goal here is to define each and figure out what they mean to your bottom line.

Scholarships and Grants are forms of “free money”. This means that they do not have to be paid back to the college, the government, or whoever it was that gave them out. Every college has their own criteria for awarding this money, but typically we find that scholarships are Merit-Based (meaning they are contingent upon student grades, test scores, etc) and grants are Need-Based (meaning they are contingent on the family’s financial picture). If a scholarship or grant is Merit-Based, it is important to find out what the criteria is to keep that money. Your student may have to maintain a certain GPA in order to continue receiving those funds, something that is good to know in advance.

Work-Study is a form of “self-help”, meaning you aren’t just given the money up front. In this case, you have to work for it. This is usually done by getting a job on campus and working a set amount of hours every week. The student is paid at least minimum wage either weekly or biweekly. It is important to note that Work-Study does not come directly off the bill. Instead, the student works, gets paid, and is then expected to apply those funds to the college bill. Whether the student does this or not is another question entirely, but this is the concept of Work-Study.

Student Loans are also a form of “self-help”, because in this case the money eventually has to be paid back. The most common student loans are Stafford Loans (subsidized and unsubsidized) and Perkins Loans. These loans are good because they are fixed rate, government guaranteed, do not require a co-signer or credit check, and payment is typically deferred until after the student graduates. It should be noted that PLUS loans, which are parent loans, are NOT a form of financial aid. Some colleges put these loans on their award letters, but don’t be fooled. Sure, the PLUS program is a federal program where parents can borrow for their student’s education, but it is NOT considered financial aid.

While every college awards financial aid differently, these are the four main types of aid that your student could receive. Of course we’d like to see more scholarship and grant money than anything else, but that depends on Student Positioning (for Merit money) and Financial Positioning (for Need-Based money). These are also important topics, but for another day and another blog. Until next time…

About the author: Justin Munio is a Business Development Manager and Financial Aid Consultant with the Smart Track™ Toolkit. Over the past 4 years Justin has been at the forefront of the financial aid process for the families of the Smart Track™ Toolkit.

About Smart Track™ Toolkit: The toolkit is a web based service that assists families with everything from admissions and test prep, to student athletics and financial aid. Our intuitive software and on-demand workshops are key components to making sure students find their top choice colleges, and families can afford to send them there.

A Beginner’s Guide to Financial Aid Part II

In the last blog entry, we covered some of the basics of the college financial aid system and how it is used to determine how much money you could receive. In case you have forgotten, the key formula is “COA – EFC = NEED”. COA in this case stands for “Cost Of Attendance” and is pretty straightforward (just add up the cost of everything for one year of college). What I would like to focus on in this entry is the EFC, which stands for “Expected Family Contribution”.

The first thing to do is clearly define what your EFC is. Most colleges and universities will define your EFC as “the minimum amount your family can afford to pay for one student for one year of college”. It is important to identify key components of this definition. “Minimum” implies that your EFC is a starting point and you may actually have to pay more than your EFC (depending on the college your student chooses.) Also notice the “one year of college” part. This is because you should file for financial aid every single year, which means that your EFC will likely be different every single year. The reason financial aid is filed for every year is because situations change. Jobs are gained or lost, benefits will start or stop. Even the number of students in your family attending college at the same time could change, and all of these things impact your EFC.

Now in terms of actually calculating your EFC, college and universities will use one or two methodologies (read: formulas.) The first is the Federal Methodology (FM). This is derived with a formula the Federal Government came up with and is calculated when you submit the FAFSA. Every college in the country that awards federal financial aid requires the submission of a FAFSA, which means that all of these colleges will see your FM EFC. Some colleges will go a step further and they will use their own formula to calculate your EFC. This is known as using an Institutional Methodology (IM). This can get complicated because different institutions can use different IM formulas. However the basic IM formula was created by CollegeBoard and is calculated when you submit your CSS/Profile.

Now that you know there are two different EFCs, it’s probably best to figure out what’s included in these formulas. Simply put, the FM and IM formulas use the following: parent income, parent assets, student income, and student assets. There is a handful of other information that could be used (ages of parents, ages of younger siblings, certain monthly expenses) but income/assets of parents/students are the big players.

Keep in mind that since we’re dealing with two different formulas, income/assets could be assessed differently. One example is your primary residence. Any equity in the primary home is considered an asset in the IM formula, but primary home equity is not part of the FM formula. If you happen to have more than one property though, equity in the additional properties is considered an asset in both the FM and IM formulas.

Things get more complicated when you delve into the nitty-gritty of each formula. If you’re concerned about your EFC and how you’re going to be able to afford to send your students to college, it is usually best to consult with a professional college advisor. Much like a CPA helps you with your taxes; College Advisors (the ones worth their salt) are well versed in EFC formulas and the many different avenues for paying college bills.

Once you finish your applications and the college gets your EFC, its time to create your financial aid award. In the next series entry we’ll discuss Awards and Appeals, something you may need to utilize depending on your EFC, your award, and any extenuating circumstances you think may be affecting your ability to pay for college.

About the author: Justin Munio is a Business Development Manager and Financial Aid Consultant with College Planning Strategies, LLC. With a degree in mathematics from SUNY Geneseo and 4 years working in the CPS Financial Aid Department, Justin is at the forefront of the financial aid process for the families of CPS and the Toolkit.

                       

About Smart Track™ Toolkit: The toolkit is a web based service that assists families with everything from admissions and test prep, to student athletics and financial aid. Our intuitive software and on-demand workshops are key components to making sure students find their top choice colleges, and families can afford to send them there.

A Beginner’s Guide to Financial Aid Part I

As most parents and students are aware, if you need money to go to college then you deal with the financial aid department. These are the people that are in charge of awarding grants, scholarships, student loans, and work-study packages. Figuring out how the college determines who gets money and who doesn’t can often times seem tricky, so let’s try to look at this process in as simple a format as possible.

Now, the concept is that financial aid goes to those families who need it the most. To determine this, colleges use two factors: Cost of Attendance (COA) and Estimated Family Contribution (EFC). Then, the financial aid department uses a simple formula: COA – EFC = NEED.

Your COA is pretty straightforward. It is the cost of tuition, room & board, books, fees, transportation, and an allowance for miscellaneous fees. The COA at a college can change every year, so financial aid is recalculated every year. Remember to include all of the items I just mentioned in your budget, since that is exactly what the college is doing when figuring out your financial aid. If you forget to factor in the cost of textbooks, you may not have enough money when you head off to college in the fall.

Your EFC is a bit more complicated because the college is trying to determine how much money they think your family can afford to spend on college. Unfortunately, your EFC is never going to be as low as you would prefer (unless of course it’s $0), but it is important to know what factors impact your EFC. There are many different things that go into the calculation of your EFC, but four of the biggest influences are Parent Income, Parent Assets, Student Income, and Student Assets. We will cover all of these in more detail in future blogs, so stay tuned as we continue the posts. Other factors that can influence your EFC include the number of family members in your household, the number of students in college at the same time, the ages of each family member, and even what state you live in. If this seems complicated, plenty of other families are thinking the same thing. Much like how a CPA can help you with your taxes, a good college advisor should be able to help you understand your EFC.

The last step in the process is to determine your NEED. This is high much financial aid you may be eligible for. Let’s say for example that your college has a COA of $50,000 and your EFC is $20,000. This means your NEED is $30,000 ($50K-$20K=$30K). Now, does this mean that you’re going to get a $30,000 scholarship? Not usually. Most colleges will award you some combination of grants/scholarships (free money) and work-study/student loans (self help). Keep in mind that money you receive based on this formula is called “Need-Based Aid”. Scholarships that you get for having a really high GPA or good SAT scores are called “Merit-Based” and are awarded based on separate criteria. Even if your EFC is higher than a college’s COA, you could still receive “Merit-Based” aid (so study hard!)

Next time we’ll talk about your EFC in more detail and explore the fact that there are 2 possible EFC formulas a college could use, each with a different set of questions.

About the author: Justin Munio is a Business Development Manager and Financial Aid Consultant with College Planning Strategies, LLC. With a degree in mathematics from SUNY Geneseo and over 3 years working in the CPS Financial Aid Department, Justin is at the forefront of the financial aid process for the families of CPS and the Toolkit.

About Smart Track™ Toolkit: The toolkit is a web based service that assists families with everything from admissions and test prep, to student athletics and financial aid. Our intuitive software and on-demand workshops are key components to making sure students find their top choice colleges, and families can afford to send them there.

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One of the most expensive undertakings your members or employees will probably ever face is funding their student's education. College Planning Strategies, LLC can help them prepare their student(s) for college while minimizing stress and out-of-pocket college expenses.

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This option is for groups that are geographically located so that members can attend a workshop at a central location. Our president, Murray J. Miller, is a published author and popular speaker with insider's secrets on how to beat the high cost of college. Our professional college planning advisors have been featured speakers for numerous Fortune 500 companies, national organizations and local high schools and non-profits. You can request a college planning workshop especially for YOUR association.

Demystifying Financial Aid and Maximizing College Funding topics include:

• Preparing for financial aid applications in advance to maximize aid and minimize expenses.
• How going to a "more expensive" private university may actually end up costing less!
• How to position students for more gift aid (Free Money) rather that loans.
• Expensive mistakes families make and how to avoid them.
• How to get ahead by developing a customized college plan for all college costs.
• How to save more money on your taxes.

I am impressed with the full range of knowledge that you and your staff bring to bear on the college admission and funding process. I find the combination of financial advice, application process insight, and negotiation strategies to be exceptionally valuable, going well beyond what I expected at the beginning. Arthur L.

CPS provides each family that attends a free e-book,Winning the College Funding Game, packed with useful tips and resources regarding the entire college planning process. Depending upon your group, a personal college planning consultation may also be available to workshop attendees for low or even no cost. Contact our office for details or to request references from organizations that have already hosted our workshop.

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College Planning Strategies, LLC recognizes that the needs of each family—and for that matter, the needs of each student—are different. Therefore, we developed the flexible Smart Track Series of personalized in-depth services. Our highly trained team of advisors and support staff are up-to-date on the pressing issues related to preparing your student for college and a successful graduation. We can help guide you step-by-stepthrough the obstacles that may hinder your student’s college dreams: potential job loss, college funding issues, choosing the right school, admissions challenges, financial aid and scholarships, changes in educational loans, and a variety of other serious issues that today’s families must face.

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Our workshops help with everything from career exploration, to college search and visits, to acing the college admissions interviews. We help your student clarify his or her goals, overcome insecurities, and make the best impression possible. This will help them gain admission to their top choice colleges, receive merit scholarships, and obtain jobs and other opportunities. We’ll also give the whole family important college planning tips that will help eliminate family conflict, save you time and money, and keep you on track so you can sleep well, knowing nothing has been forgotten.

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One of our professional college planners will work with you to analyze your family’s unique situation, goals and current strategy for handling college expenses—even if that means “one semester at a time.” After analyzing your current situation, we will help you develop a plan for moving forward. We will help you uncover ways ofreducing your out-of-pocket college costs.  This encompasses maximizing financial aid possibilities, choosing schools that are more likely to award your student grants and scholarships, utilizing tax-favored dollars, and several additional strategies.

If your family will need to borrow money to help pay for college expenses, we will assess for you variousborrowing strategies and recommend the best loan types and repayment options for your situation.

After a few sessions you will have a customized plan of action charting your course through each year you will have at least one student in college. In addition to the written plan, our entire team of professionals will be here to guide you each step of the way through regular consultations, phone conversations, and email support. We will make sure your college plan adjusts with each curve that life brings, whether positive or negative.

Financial Aid Assistance

There are literally billions of dollars available in both merit and need-based assistance. In order to receive most of it, however, the proper paperwork must be submitted correctly and punctually. This can include, but is not limited to the FAFSA, CSS/Profile, Institutional forms, and Business/Farm Supplement. In order to maximize your awards there is a lot you would need to learn, especially if you have your own business or special circumstances. Many of these forms are considered longer and more complicated than the federal tax forms. Similar to taxes, it often pays to have advice on how tolower your expenses, not to mention reduce the hassle and stress of this process for you!

Our Financial Aid Specialists will tackle all of your financial aid paperwork including the FAFSA, CCS/Profile, Institutional forms, and Business/Farm Supplement. We’ll ensure all paperwork is done accurately and on-time so you don’t miss outon any aid you deserve.

Our Financial Aid Specialists will tackle all of your financial aid paperwork including the FAFSA, CCS/Profile, Institutional forms, and Business/Farm Supplement. We’ll ensure all paperwork is done accurately and on-time so you don’t miss outon any aid you deserve

You’ll want to know if your award is a fair one or if your case is strong enough to risk appealing for more aid. Our experts will evaluate your case, and if your situation warrants an appeal, we will walk you step by step through this delicate process. We have found the appeals process is more of an art than a science. However, our statistics are astounding: 8 out of 10 appeals we guide are awarded more money!

If your family will need additional loans to cover college expenses, we also help you select the most advantageous loan(s) for your family’s situation

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Since the SAT and ACT do not administer their tests online, it is critical the student practice in the same pencil-paper environment they will experience on test day. We provide you with online access to printable practice tests for home practice. The student completes a practice section offline under timed conditions; the student logs in and submits answers for electronic grading; and, finally, the student launches into a self-guided video review of the practice test problems they had difficulty with or have questions about. There is even a vocabulary builder available. Studies show that this interactive video delivery platform makes learning 200% more effective than text-based learning, and results are guaranteed.

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In the United States the average four-year college education costs between $90,513 and $181,025. However, did you know that statistically a higher percentage of students require over 5 years to complete their undergraduate studies? Are you and your student(s) ready for the challenge?

Top 5 College Planning Questions

1. Have you learned the proven techniques of how to pay for college without jeopardizing your own retirement?

2. Are you confident your student is on target with selecting and being admitted to the best fit college for him or her?

3. Did you research which colleges are most likely to award your student a higher percentage of Gift Aid (scholarships or grants)? If so, do you know how to ensure the award is renewable throughout their college tenure?

4. Have you discovered how to provide yourself with a "tax scholarship" from Uncle Sam, above and beyond the Hope Scholarship and Lifetime Learning Credit? When it is best to use funds earmarked for college and when it is not? How relatives including grandparents can help with college expenses without negatively impacting your students' award?

5. Does your current college plan cover ALL of the years that you will have at least one student enrolled and ensure you won't have an unmanageable cash flow crunch?


College Planning Saves Money

Taking college funding "one year at a time" will likely be an expensive mistake. Planning for college in this fashion will usually cost a family thousands more than if you had developed a plan for all students and all years before your first student has even chosen their college or enrolled. Even worse than wasted money, many families who plan this way find themselves in a cash flow crisis midway through their student's college career. According to a recent report approximately 50% of the students that drop out of college do so for financial reasons.

On the opposite end of the spectrum, many families that started saving when or even before their first child was born may believe they have a fail-proof plan for affording a college education and do not investigate their options further. What many of these families do not realize is that they could save themselves thousands of dollars, perhaps tens of thousands of dollars per student if they understood the various proven college planning strategies that may apply to them.

Student Positioning for College Is Key

Some students are self-motivated and know exactly what their goals are and the best way to achieve them. Most students need some guidance and encouragement in choosing a college, applying for admission, and choosing a major. Sometimes parents, teachers, and the guidance office can provide all of the support they need to be successful. However, students frequently find it helpful to have outside support to keep them on track—especially if time is limited or communication is strained between certain parties.

Helping Families Stay On the Smart Track for College

Since the turn of the century College Planning Strategies, LLC has specialized in giving individualized help to families like yours so they can effectively transition from high school to college and beyond. CPS also educates families on how to defeat the high cost of college through workshops, radio talk shows, corporate benefits programs and a national on-line series of workshops. Our president, Murray J. Miller, is a published author with over 20 years of experience as a financial advisor and educator. He was ranked Number One College Advisor in the Nation in 2006 and 2008.
Our highly trained team of advisors and support staff has earned an A+ Rating from the Better Business Bureau. We can help guide you step-by-step through the obstacles that may hinder your student’s college dreams: potential job loss, college funding issues, choosing the right school, admissions challenges, financial aid and scholarships, changes in educational loans, and a variety of other serious issues that today’s families must face.

Let CPS help you support your student’s educational goals without delaying or giving up your goals for your own retirement!

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